• Establishment of plantations for the production of rubber, tobacco and tea.


• Multi-national companies arrived to exploit petroleum and tin.


• Economic activities attracted international investments.


• Increased opportunities for private businesses.


• Resulted in employment for vast numbers of Indonesians and immigrants.

B) Change In Livelihood

• Wage employment introduced, mostly paid in kinds.


• New jobs offered them new income but varied with commodity prices and was not stable.


• Hard labour and bad working conditions. (exploitation)


• Cash advances for each work contract lead to free labour which drags for years.


• People were taken away from farming occupations.

C) Standardisation of Currency

• Netherland East Indies guilder became widespread as colonial currency.


• New currency system reinforced the link between SEA economy and the world economy.


• Export economies of SEA broke into the world markets, no longer just the European market.

D) Transport Infrastructure and Technology

• Creation of transport infrastructure.


• Railways and roads extended throughout Java and Sumatra.


• Shipping firm, also known as the KPM today, was set up to provide sea links.


• Transport infrastructures were intended to benefit the far-flung estates that were opened in the remote parts of the colony.
  

E) Introduction of Private Property

• Not Evident (can't find)